Form primitives, keyboard-operable comboboxes, dialog focus, route states

Accessibility work on the UI layer, all of it rooted in one structural gap:
there were no form primitives, so every field was hand-assembled and every
field got the same details wrong.

Form primitives
- components/ui/Field.tsx (Field/TextField/SelectField/TextareaField) and
  Button.tsx. Field generates the control id with useId and derives htmlFor
  from it, which is what makes the association impossible to omit rather
  than merely conventional.
- 92 labels existed, 4 used htmlFor, and no input carried an id at all: a
  screen reader announced an unnamed edit box and clicking a label focused
  nothing. Now every label resolves to its control (0 unassociated), and the
  input class chain that appeared verbatim 85 times appears zero times.
- Field also takes a render prop, so Lookup, CountryPicker and Picklist get
  the same wiring instead of a second, partial solution.
- SearchInput replaces three hand-rolled copies of the icon-in-a-box search
  whose input had only a placeholder — not a label — and killed its own
  focus ring with outline-none and nothing in its place.
- Toggle groups (workdays, reorg change type) became fieldsets with
  aria-pressed; colour alone was carrying the selected state.

Comboboxes
- Lookup and CountryPicker were text inputs with a div of clickable buttons
  underneath: typeable, but no keyboard path to a result and nothing telling
  a screen reader a list had appeared. Both now carry role=combobox,
  aria-expanded/controls/activedescendant and listbox semantics, with arrow
  keys, Enter and Escape. Escape stops propagation, or it would close the
  surrounding dialog along with the dropdown.

Dialogs
- useDialogFocus centralises what Modal and SlideOver each owed the
  keyboard and neither provided beyond Escape: focus into the dialog on
  open, Tab and Shift+Tab cycling within it, focus restored to the trigger
  on close.
- SlideOver stays mounted for its transition, and aria-hidden does not
  remove anything from the tab order — so every closed panel was leaving
  invisible tab stops at the end of the page. `inert` fixes that.

Route states
- loading.tsx, error.tsx, not-found.tsx and global-error.tsx. Every page in
  the (app) group is server-rendered per request, so without loading.tsx a
  navigation showed nothing at all until the server answered, and a render
  error dropped the user on Next's own screen with no way back.

Tests
- 22 component tests (vitest jsdom project). Two of them found limits of the
  environment rather than of the code: jsdom implements neither `inert` nor
  scrollIntoView, so the inert test asserts the attribute and the missing
  scrollIntoView — which was taking the whole render down from inside an
  effect — is stubbed in the setup file.
This commit is contained in:
2026-07-25 13:10:52 +02:00
parent 4be5f2264e
commit d9367a8ce4
44 changed files with 1770 additions and 1127 deletions

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@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
import { render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
import userEvent from "@testing-library/user-event";
import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
import { Lookup } from "@/components/ui/Lookup";
type Person = { id: string; name: string };
const PEOPLE: Person[] = [
{ id: "1", name: "Katharina Aigner" },
{ id: "2", name: "Kurt Aigner" },
{ id: "3", name: "Simon Aigner" },
];
function renderLookup(onSelect = vi.fn()) {
const onSearch = vi.fn(async (q: string) => PEOPLE.filter((p) => p.name.toLowerCase().includes(q.toLowerCase())));
render(<Lookup<Person> onSearch={onSearch} onSelect={onSelect} renderResult={(p) => <span>{p.name}</span>} placeholder="Suchen…" />);
return { onSelect, input: screen.getByRole("combobox") };
}
// The component was a text input with a div of clickable buttons under it:
// typeable, but no keyboard path to a result and nothing announcing that a
// list had appeared.
describe("Lookup keyboard operation", () => {
it("exposes combobox semantics", async () => {
const { input } = renderLookup();
expect(input).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "false");
await userEvent.type(input, "Aigner");
expect(await screen.findByRole("listbox")).toBeInTheDocument();
expect(input).toHaveAttribute("aria-expanded", "true");
expect(await screen.findAllByRole("option")).toHaveLength(3);
});
it("moves the selection with the arrow keys", async () => {
const { input } = renderLookup();
await userEvent.type(input, "Aigner");
await screen.findByRole("listbox");
const options = screen.getAllByRole("option");
expect(options[0]).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
await userEvent.keyboard("{ArrowDown}");
expect(screen.getAllByRole("option")[1]).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
// aria-activedescendant is what tells a screen reader which row is
// current while focus stays in the input.
expect(input).toHaveAttribute("aria-activedescendant", screen.getAllByRole("option")[1].id);
});
it("wraps around at the ends", async () => {
const { input } = renderLookup();
await userEvent.type(input, "Aigner");
await screen.findByRole("listbox");
await userEvent.keyboard("{ArrowUp}");
expect(screen.getAllByRole("option")[2]).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
await userEvent.keyboard("{ArrowDown}");
expect(screen.getAllByRole("option")[0]).toHaveAttribute("aria-selected", "true");
});
it("selects the highlighted result with Enter", async () => {
const { input, onSelect } = renderLookup();
await userEvent.type(input, "Aigner");
await screen.findByRole("listbox");
await userEvent.keyboard("{ArrowDown}{Enter}");
expect(onSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith(PEOPLE[1]);
// Clears itself afterwards, ready for the next search.
expect(input).toHaveValue("");
});
it("closes on Escape without selecting", async () => {
const { input, onSelect } = renderLookup();
await userEvent.type(input, "Aigner");
await screen.findByRole("listbox");
await userEvent.keyboard("{Escape}");
expect(screen.queryByRole("listbox")).not.toBeInTheDocument();
expect(onSelect).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
});
it("does not open below the minimum query length", async () => {
const { input } = renderLookup();
await userEvent.type(input, "A");
expect(screen.queryByRole("listbox")).not.toBeInTheDocument();
});
it("still selects on click", async () => {
const { input, onSelect } = renderLookup();
await userEvent.type(input, "Kurt");
await screen.findByRole("listbox");
await userEvent.click(screen.getByRole("option", { name: "Kurt Aigner" }));
expect(onSelect).toHaveBeenCalledWith(PEOPLE[1]);
});
});

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@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
import { render, screen } from "@testing-library/react";
import userEvent from "@testing-library/user-event";
import { useState } from "react";
import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/Button";
import { TextField } from "@/components/ui/Field";
import { Modal } from "@/components/ui/Modal";
import { SlideOver } from "@/components/ui/SlideOver";
function ModalHarness({ onClose = () => {} }: { onClose?: () => void }) {
const [first, setFirst] = useState("");
const [second, setSecond] = useState("");
return (
<Modal
open
onClose={onClose}
title="Testdialog"
footer={
<Button onClick={() => {}}>Speichern</Button>
}
>
<TextField label="Erstes Feld" value={first} onChange={setFirst} />
<TextField label="Zweites Feld" value={second} onChange={setSecond} />
</Modal>
);
}
describe("Modal focus management", () => {
it("names the dialog from its visible heading", () => {
render(<ModalHarness />);
expect(screen.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Testdialog" })).toBeInTheDocument();
});
it("moves focus into the dialog on open", () => {
render(<ModalHarness />);
// Not the page behind it: without this, the first Tab would start from
// the top of the document.
expect(document.body.contains(document.activeElement)).toBe(true);
expect(screen.getByRole("dialog").contains(document.activeElement)).toBe(true);
});
it("keeps Tab inside the dialog and wraps at the end", async () => {
render(<ModalHarness />);
const dialog = screen.getByRole("dialog");
for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
await userEvent.tab();
expect(dialog.contains(document.activeElement)).toBe(true);
}
});
it("wraps backwards on Shift+Tab", async () => {
render(<ModalHarness />);
const dialog = screen.getByRole("dialog");
for (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
await userEvent.tab({ shift: true });
expect(dialog.contains(document.activeElement)).toBe(true);
}
});
it("closes on Escape", async () => {
const onClose = vi.fn();
render(<ModalHarness onClose={onClose} />);
await userEvent.keyboard("{Escape}");
expect(onClose).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
it("returns focus to the element that opened it", async () => {
function Toggle() {
const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);
return (
<>
<button onClick={() => setOpen(true)}>Öffnen</button>
<Modal open={open} onClose={() => setOpen(false)} title="Testdialog">
<p>Inhalt</p>
</Modal>
</>
);
}
render(<Toggle />);
const trigger = screen.getByRole("button", { name: "Öffnen" });
await userEvent.click(trigger);
expect(screen.getByRole("dialog")).toBeInTheDocument();
await userEvent.keyboard("{Escape}");
expect(trigger).toHaveFocus();
});
});
describe("SlideOver", () => {
it("marks a closed panel inert", () => {
// It stays mounted for the slide transition, so without `inert` its
// fields stay in the tab order behind the page — aria-hidden does not
// remove them.
//
// Asserted on the attribute rather than by tabbing: jsdom does not
// implement inert at all ("inert" in HTMLElement.prototype === false),
// so a focus-based assertion here would be testing jsdom, not this
// component. Browsers enforce it.
const { container } = render(
<SlideOver open={false} onClose={() => {}} title="Geschlossen">
<button>Im Panel</button>
</SlideOver>
);
expect(container.firstElementChild).toHaveAttribute("inert");
});
it("is not inert while open", () => {
const { container } = render(
<SlideOver open onClose={() => {}} title="Offen">
<button>Im Panel</button>
</SlideOver>
);
expect(container.firstElementChild).not.toHaveAttribute("inert");
});
it("traps focus once open", async () => {
render(
<>
<button>Dahinter</button>
<SlideOver open onClose={() => {}} title="Offen" footer={<Button>Speichern</Button>}>
<button>Im Panel</button>
</SlideOver>
</>
);
const dialog = screen.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Offen" });
for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
await userEvent.tab();
expect(dialog.contains(document.activeElement)).toBe(true);
}
});
});

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@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@ if (!("DOMMatrixReadOnly" in globalThis)) {
vi.stubGlobal("DOMMatrixReadOnly", DOMMatrixReadOnlyStub);
}
// Not implemented by jsdom at all, and the comboboxes call it to keep the
// highlighted row in view — an unstubbed call throws inside the effect and
// takes the render down with it.
if (!("scrollIntoView" in Element.prototype)) {
Object.defineProperty(Element.prototype, "scrollIntoView", { configurable: true, value: () => {} });
}
// jsdom reports 0 for every layout box; React Flow reads these to size nodes.
Object.defineProperty(HTMLElement.prototype, "offsetWidth", { configurable: true, value: NODE_WIDTH });
Object.defineProperty(HTMLElement.prototype, "offsetHeight", { configurable: true, value: NODE_HEIGHT });