Ask for a residence permit only where one is needed

Employees from outside the EU, the EEA and Switzerland need a residence
permit, and HR needs to know when it expires — about eighty people in
the current data, across Türkei, Serbien and Bosnien. Two columns, the
same shape as the dismissal protection: a flag and a date that only
means anything with it. The date is optional, because an open-ended
permit has none and a mandatory field would force an invented one.

The nationality coupling deliberately stays out of the database. Putting
it there would mean keeping the country list in two places — SQL and
lib/countries.ts, where the picker needs it anyway — so an EU accession
would become a migration instead of a line in a list. Worse, correcting
somebody's nationality would fail the constraint while the old permit
was still attached, which is exactly the moment someone is fixing a
mistake. The UI decides whether the fields appear, and clears them when
the nationality moves into the free-movement area.

So the list is the load-bearing part, and it is tested: 31 entries, all
of them values the picker can actually produce, no duplicates, no third
countries. A missing nationality reads as "no permit required" — an
unanswered question is a reason to record it, not to demand papers.

The permit shows on the Stammdaten tab only for the nationalities it
applies to. A line reading "Aufenthaltstitel: Nein" under an Austrian
citizenship would look like information rather than a question that does
not arise.

Filter by it and by when it expires — the question behind that being
"whose permit runs out next quarter" — plus columns in the export.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

components/employees/panels/DatenAendernPanel.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import { CountryPicker } from "@/components/ui/CountryPicker";
 import { Field, SelectField, TextField } from "@/components/ui/Field";
 import { SlideOver } from "@/components/ui/SlideOver";
 import { useToast } from "@/components/ui/Toast";
-import { UN_COUNTRIES } from "@/lib/countries";
+import { brauchtAufenthaltstitel, UN_COUNTRIES } from "@/lib/countries";
 import { STUNDEN_GRUENDE } from "@/lib/absence";
 import { fmtFullName, todayIso } from "@/lib/format";
 import { isValidSvnr, requiresAustrianSvnr } from "@/lib/svnr";
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@ export function DatenAendernPanel({
   const svNummerOk =
     !svNummer.trim() || !requiresAustrianSvnr(locationCountry) || isValidSvnr(svNummer, birthDate || null);
   const [nationality, setNationality] = useState(employee.nationality);
+  const [hatTitel, setHatTitel] = useState(employee.hat_aufenthaltstitel ?? false);
+  const [titelBis, setTitelBis] = useState(employee.aufenthaltstitel_bis ?? "");
+  // Die Staatsbürgerschaft entscheidet, ob die Frage überhaupt gestellt wird.
+  const titelNoetig = brauchtAufenthaltstitel(nationality);
   const [address, setAddress] = useState(employee.address ?? "");
   const [postalCode, setPostalCode] = useState(employee.postal_code ?? "");
   const [city, setCity] = useState(employee.city ?? "");
@@ -131,6 +135,12 @@ export function DatenAendernPanel({
         birth_date: birthDate,
         sv_nummer: svNummer,
         nationality,
+        // Wechselt die Staatsbürgerschaft in den Freizügigkeitsraum, fällt
+        // der Titel weg — sonst bliebe er als Rest an einer Person hängen,
+        // die ihn nicht mehr braucht. Die Datenbank prüft diese Kopplung
+        // bewusst nicht (siehe Migration), also gehört sie hierher.
+        hat_aufenthaltstitel: titelNoetig ? hatTitel : false,
+        aufenthaltstitel_bis: titelNoetig && hatTitel ? titelBis : "",
         address,
         postal_code: postalCode,
         city,
@@ -232,6 +242,34 @@ export function DatenAendernPanel({
                 <CountryPicker {...p} value={nationality} onChange={setNationality} countries={UN_COUNTRIES} placeholder="Staatsbürgerschaft suchen…" />
               )}
             </Field>
+            {/* Nur wo er verlangt ist. Bei Freizügigkeit — EU, EWR, Schweiz —
+                wäre die Frage gegenstandslos, und ein „Nein" im Formular
+                sähe aus wie eine Auskunft. */}
+            {titelNoetig && (
+              <>
+                <SelectField
+                  label="Aufenthaltstitel"
+                  dense
+                  value={hatTitel ? "ja" : "nein"}
+                  onChange={(v) => setHatTitel(v === "ja")}
+                  options={[
+                    { value: "nein", label: "Nein" },
+                    { value: "ja", label: "Ja" },
+                  ]}
+                  hint="Bei Staatsbürgerschaften ausserhalb von EU, EWR und Schweiz."
+                />
+                {hatTitel && (
+                  <TextField
+                    label="Aufenthaltstitel gültig bis"
+                    dense
+                    type="date"
+                    value={titelBis}
+                    onChange={setTitelBis}
+                    hint="Optional. Leer lassen, wenn unbefristet."
+                  />
+                )}
+              </>
+            )}
             <TextField label="Adresse (Straße und Hausnummer)" dense value={address} onChange={setAddress} />
             <div className="grid grid-cols-[minmax(0,1fr)_minmax(0,2fr)] gap-3">
               <TextField label="Postleitzahl" dense inputMode="numeric" value={postalCode} onChange={setPostalCode} />

components/employees/tabs/StammdatenTab.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { AngehoerigeSection } from "@/components/employees/AngehoerigeSection";
+import { brauchtAufenthaltstitel } from "@/lib/countries";
 import { fmtAge, fmtDate } from "@/lib/format";
 import type { Database } from "@/lib/supabase/types";
 
@@ -31,6 +32,21 @@ export function StammdatenTab({ employee, location, dependents }: { employee: Em
     ["Geburtsdatum", `${fmtDate(employee.birth_date)} (${fmtAge(employee.birth_date)} Jahre)`],
     ["SV-Nummer", employee.sv_nummer ?? "–"],
     ["Staatsbürgerschaft", employee.nationality],
+    // Nur, wo er verlangt ist. Bei einer österreichischen Staatsbürger-
+    // schaft wäre die Zeile „Aufenthaltstitel: Nein" keine Auskunft,
+    // sondern eine Frage, die sich nicht stellt.
+    ...(brauchtAufenthaltstitel(employee.nationality)
+      ? ([
+          [
+            "Aufenthaltstitel",
+            employee.hat_aufenthaltstitel
+              ? employee.aufenthaltstitel_bis
+                ? `Ja, bis ${fmtDate(employee.aufenthaltstitel_bis)}`
+                : "Ja (unbefristet oder nicht erfasst)"
+              : "Nein",
+          ],
+        ] as [string, string][])
+      : []),
     ["Adresse", employee.address ?? "–"],
     ["Postleitzahl", employee.postal_code ?? "–"],
     ["Ort", employee.city ?? "–"],