Stop waiting on the network eleven times per page

The app got slower as pages grew, and the reason was not the queries. It
was their number.

A transaction is pinned to one connection, and a connection runs queries
one after another. Every Promise.all in a withUser block looked like
concurrency and was a queue. Measured against the real database: the
round trip is ~36 ms, ten trivial `select 1` over one connection take
343 ms, over ten connections 39 ms. Nothing here is slow — the whole
dashboard payload is under 200 kB, and every table is around a thousand
rows.

More connections is the wrong answer: the RLS session context is per
transaction, so parallel reads mean parallel transactions, and those
multiply the connections the database will grant. Fewer round trips
instead. Postgres will return each sub-select as its own JSON column of
one result.

Per page view, counting the transaction frame:

  shell (paid by every page)  10 → 4
  overview                    14 → 5
  employee file               14 → 7
  employee list                8 → 6

The overview plus its shell went from 24 round trips to 9 — about 860 ms
of pure waiting down to about 320 ms.

The one trap is documented where it bites: inside json_agg, Postgres
formats values itself and the driver's parsers (lib/db/pool.ts) never
see them. Dates, numerics and uuids come out identical; timestamptz does
not — "+00:00" where the driver gives "…Z". Timestamps are compared as
strings in lib/history.ts to decide what happened later, and those two
forms sort against each other wrongly. Every timestamptz in a bundled
query therefore goes through zeitstempel(), which was checked
character-for-character against the driver.

Four loaders moved out of their pages into lib/ so the number of round
trips can be measured without building a React tree, and so the new path
could be held against the old one field by field: same rows, same order,
same strings, for the overview and for four employee files chosen to
differ (with history, a chief, a planned entry, one with dependents).

withUser now counts the queries in each transaction and says so in
development past a threshold. Without that, this grows back: each new
tile brings its own query, and nobody notices until everybody does.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/(app)/employees/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -3,9 +3,8 @@ import { EmployeeDetail } from "@/components/employees/EmployeeDetail";
 import { currentUserId } from "@/lib/auth/session";
 import { withUser } from "@/lib/db";
 import { todayIso } from "@/lib/format";
-import { breadcrumbLabel, loadOrgMaps } from "@/lib/org";
-import { loadPlacements, loadReportingLines, orgAsOf } from "@/lib/placement";
-import { loadOpenPositions } from "@/lib/positions";
+import { breadcrumbLabel } from "@/lib/org";
+import { loadEmployeeDetail } from "@/lib/employee-detail-data";
 
 type PageProps = { params: Promise<{ id: string }> };
 
@@ -13,72 +12,9 @@ export default async function EmployeeDetailPage({ params }: PageProps) {
   const { id } = await params;
   const today = todayIso();
 
-  const data = await withUser(await currentUserId(), async (tx) => {
-    // Die Person zuerst, allein: erst aus Eintritt und Austritt ergibt sich
-    // der Stichtag, zu dem ihre Organisation überhaupt eine Antwort hat.
-    // Eine Person, die am 01.09. anfängt, hat heute keine laufende Besetzung
-    // — zu heute gefragt lieferte om_reporting_lines() nichts, und die Akte
-    // behauptete „Keine Führungskraft", obwohl das Team eine hat.
-    const employee = await tx.selectFrom("employees").selectAll().where("id", "=", id).executeTakeFirst();
-    if (!employee) return null;
-
-    const asOf = orgAsOf(employee, today);
-
-    // Vorgesetzte und direkte Berichte stehen nirgends als Spalte — sie
-    // kommen aus om_reporting_lines(). Beide Abfragen schränken *in* der
-    // Funktion ein, es wandern also neun Zeilen über die Leitung und nicht
-    // achthundert.
-    const [ownLines, reports, history, dependents, notes, orgMaps, placements, openPositions] = await Promise.all([
-      loadReportingLines(tx, asOf, { employeeId: id }),
-      loadReportingLines(tx, asOf, { actingManagerId: id }),
-      tx
-        .selectFrom("employee_history")
-        .selectAll()
-        .where("employee_id", "=", id)
-        .orderBy("event_date", "desc")
-        .orderBy("created_at", "desc")
-        .execute(),
-      tx.selectFrom("employee_dependents").selectAll().where("employee_id", "=", id).orderBy("created_at").execute(),
-      tx.selectFrom("employee_notes").selectAll().where("employee_id", "=", id).orderBy("created_at", "desc").execute(),
-      loadOrgMaps(tx),
-      loadPlacements(tx, { asOf, employeeIds: [id] }),
-      // Die offenen Planstellen bleiben bei heute: sie gehören zur
-      // Organisation, nicht zu dieser Person.
-      loadOpenPositions(tx),
-    ]);
-
-    const line = ownLines[0] ?? null;
-
-    // Namen für die beteiligten Personen in einem Zug: die Vertretung, die
-    // formal zuständige Leitung und die direkten Berichte.
-    const relatedIds = Array.from(
-      new Set(
-        [line?.acting_manager_id, line?.formal_manager_id, ...reports.map((r) => r.employee_id)].filter(
-          (x): x is string => Boolean(x)
-        )
-      )
-    );
-    const relatedRows = relatedIds.length
-      ? await tx
-          .selectFrom("employees")
-          .select(["id", "first_name", "last_name", "job_title", "status"])
-          .where("id", "in", relatedIds)
-          .execute()
-      : [];
-
-    return {
-      employee,
-      line,
-      reports,
-      history,
-      dependents,
-      notes,
-      orgMaps,
-      placement: placements.get(id) ?? null,
-      openPositions,
-      byId: new Map(relatedRows.map((e) => [e.id, e])),
-    };
-  });
+  // Was die Akte liest und in wie vielen Rundreisen, steht in
+  // lib/employee-detail-data.ts.
+  const data = await withUser(await currentUserId(), (tx) => loadEmployeeDetail(tx, id, today));
 
   if (!data) notFound();
   const { employee, line, reports, history, dependents, notes, orgMaps, placement, openPositions, byId } = data;

app/(app)/employees/page.tsx

@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@ import { Pagination } from "@/components/ui/Pagination";
 import { StatusChip } from "@/components/ui/StatusChip";
 import { currentUserId } from "@/lib/auth/session";
 import { sql, withUser } from "@/lib/db";
+import { jsonArrayFrom, jsonObjectFrom } from "@/lib/db/json";
 import { istPersonalnummer, suchMuster } from "@/lib/employee-search";
 import { derivedStatusFilter } from "@/lib/employee-status-filter";
 import { fmtDate, fmtName, todayIso } from "@/lib/format";
-import { breadcrumbLabel, divisionOf, loadOrgMaps, subtreeOf, unitOf } from "@/lib/org";
+import { breadcrumbLabel, divisionOf, loadOrgMaps, subtreeOf, unitOf, type OrgEb } from "@/lib/org";
 import { loadPlacements } from "@/lib/placement";
 import type { EmploymentStatus } from "@/lib/supabase/types";
 
@@ -62,8 +63,11 @@ export default async function EmployeesPage({ searchParams }: EmployeesPageProps
     // vorher brauchte es zwei getrennte Select-Formen, weil der Typparser der
     // API-Schicht einen bedingt zusammengesetzten Select-String nicht
     // auflösen konnte.
-    const base = (nurNamen: boolean) => {
-      let q = tx.selectFrom("employees");
+    // Der Ausdrucksbauer wird durchgereicht, damit dieselbe Filterkette
+    // einmal für die Seite und einmal für die Zählung in *einer* Abfrage
+    // stehen kann.
+    const base = (nurNamen: boolean, eb: OrgEb = tx as never) => {
+      let q = eb.selectFrom("employees");
 
       if (unitFilter) {
         // Nach Organisationseinheit gefiltert wird über die *laufende*
@@ -150,33 +154,37 @@ export default async function EmployeesPage({ searchParams }: EmployeesPageProps
       : 0;
     const nurNamen = sucheNachNamen && namensTreffer > 0;
 
-    const [rows, total] = await Promise.all([
-      base(nurNamen)
-        .select([
-          "id",
-          "first_name",
-          "last_name",
-          "personnel_number",
-          "job_title",
-          "location_id",
-          "entry_date",
-          "employment_type",
-          "weekly_hours",
-          "status",
-          "absence_type",
-        ])
-        // Nach id als zweitem Kriterium: bei gleichem Nachnamen wäre die
-        // Reihenfolge sonst unbestimmt, und dieselbe Person könnte auf zwei
-        // Seiten erscheinen oder auf keiner.
-        .orderBy("last_name")
-        .orderBy("id")
-        .limit(PAGE_SIZE)
-        .offset((page - 1) * PAGE_SIZE)
-        .execute(),
-      base(nurNamen)
-        .select(({ fn }) => fn.countAll<string>().as("anzahl"))
-        .executeTakeFirst(),
-    ]);
+    // Seite und Gesamtzahl in *einer* Rundreise. Als Promise.all sah das nach
+    // Gleichzeitigkeit aus und war keine: eine Transaktion hängt an einer
+    // Verbindung, und darüber laufen Abfragen nacheinander (lib/db/json.ts).
+    const { rows, total } = await tx
+      .selectNoFrom((eb) => [
+        jsonArrayFrom(
+          base(nurNamen, eb)
+            .select([
+              "id",
+              "first_name",
+              "last_name",
+              "personnel_number",
+              "job_title",
+              "location_id",
+              "entry_date",
+              "employment_type",
+              "weekly_hours",
+              "status",
+              "absence_type",
+            ])
+            // Nach id als zweitem Kriterium: bei gleichem Nachnamen wäre die
+            // Reihenfolge sonst unbestimmt, und dieselbe Person könnte auf zwei
+            // Seiten erscheinen oder auf keiner.
+            .orderBy("last_name")
+            .orderBy("id")
+            .limit(PAGE_SIZE)
+            .offset((page - 1) * PAGE_SIZE)
+        ).as("rows"),
+        jsonObjectFrom(base(nurNamen, eb).select(({ fn }) => fn.countAll<string>().as("anzahl"))).as("total"),
+      ])
+      .executeTakeFirstOrThrow();
 
     // Die Einordnung kommt über die Planstelle — nur für die 15 Zeilen dieser
     // Seite, nicht für den ganzen Bestand.