Rename Karenz to Langzeitabwesenheit and record its type

Karenz was doing duty as the name for every kind of extended absence, but
the cases behave differently in payroll and reporting — Wochenhilfe, a
Präsenzdienst, a long sick leave and a sabbatical are not the same thing.
The concept is now called Langzeitabwesenheit and carries which kind it is.

- employees.absence_type, constrained to the thirteen kinds. start_karenz
  stores it on both paths (written straight away, or parked in the
  pending_org_changes payload when the absence starts later);
  record_karenz_return and the karenz_return branch of
  apply_due_pending_changes clear it, so a returned employee does not keep
  looking like they are still away. It also reaches employee_history, the
  audit log and the employee export.
- The status enum value stays 'Karenz'. Postgres can rename an enum value in
  place, but every stored function body that spells it would then reference
  a value that no longer exists — a dozen functions across fifteen
  migrations, rewritten for a label. The mapping lives in lib/absence.ts
  instead, which is the single place the UI reads the display name from.
- Where a kind is recorded the chip shows it — "Bildungskarenz" says more
  than "Langzeitabwesenheit". Absences predating the field have none and
  fall back to the generic name rather than to a guess, and a value outside
  the list is dropped rather than echoed into the UI.
- The export prints the display name, not the raw enum: a payroll hand-off
  reading "Karenz" for what the app calls Langzeitabwesenheit only causes
  questions. Audit filter options keep their stored values and change only
  their labels.
- The seed spreads the twelve absences across the kinds; all of them being
  Karenz would leave any breakdown by kind invisible.

components/employees/EmployeeDetail.tsx

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ export function EmployeeDetail(props: EmployeeDetailProps) {
                 <h2 className="text-xl font-extrabold text-ink">
                   {fmtFullName(employee.first_name, employee.last_name, employee.title_prefix, employee.title_suffix)}
                 </h2>
-                <StatusChip status={employee.status} entryDate={employee.entry_date} />
+                <StatusChip status={employee.status} entryDate={employee.entry_date} absenceType={employee.absence_type} />
               </div>
               <p className="text-sm text-ink-body">{employee.job_title}</p>
               <p className="text-xs text-ink-muted">{breadcrumb}</p>
@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ export function EmployeeDetail(props: EmployeeDetailProps) {
               <>
                 <ActionButton icon={ArrowRightLeft} label="Versetzen" onClick={() => setPanel("transfer")} />
                 <ActionButton icon={TrendingUp} label="Befördern" onClick={() => setPanel("promote")} />
-                <ActionButton icon={Clock} label={employee.status === "Karenz" ? "Karenz verwalten" : "Karenz"} onClick={() => setPanel("karenz")} />
+                <ActionButton
+                  icon={Clock}
+                  label={employee.status === "Karenz" ? "Abwesenheit verwalten" : "Langzeitabwesenheit"}
+                  onClick={() => setPanel("karenz")}
+                />
               </>
             )}
             {canEditData && <ActionButton icon={Pencil} label="Daten ändern" onClick={() => setPanel("daten")} />}

components/employees/EmployeeFilters.tsx

@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ type EmployeeFiltersProps = {
   locations: { id: string; name: string }[];
 };
 
-// Aktiv and Karenz are separate statuses — somebody on Karenz is employed
-// but not active. The combined entry is offered explicitly, and named after
-// the two statuses it selects rather than calling the pair "aktiv".
+// Aktiv and Langzeitabwesenheit are separate statuses — somebody on a
+// long-term absence is employed but not active. The combined entry is
+// offered explicitly, named after the two it selects rather than calling
+// the pair "aktiv". The stored value is still 'Karenz' (see lib/absence.ts).
 const STATUS_OPTIONS = [
   { value: "Aktiv", label: "Aktiv" },
-  { value: "Karenz", label: "Karenz" },
-  { value: "Aktiv,Karenz", label: "Aktiv + Karenz (beschäftigt)" },
+  { value: "Karenz", label: "Langzeitabwesenheit" },
+  { value: "Aktiv,Karenz", label: "Aktiv + Langzeitabwesenheit (beschäftigt)" },
   { value: "Geplant", label: "Geplant" },
   { value: "Ausgetreten", label: "Ausgetreten" },
 ] as const;

components/employees/panels/KarenzPanel.tsx

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { SelectField, TextField, TextareaField } from "@/components/ui/Field";
 import { SegmentedControl } from "@/components/ui/SegmentedControl";
 import { SlideOver } from "@/components/ui/SlideOver";
 import { useToast } from "@/components/ui/Toast";
+import { ABSENCE_TYPES, absenceLabel } from "@/lib/absence";
 import { fmtDate } from "@/lib/format";
 import type { Database } from "@/lib/supabase/types";
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ export function KarenzPanel({ open, onClose, employee }: { open: boolean; onClos
 
   const [karenzStart, setKarenzStart] = useState("");
   const [plannedReturn, setPlannedReturn] = useState("");
+  const [absenceType, setAbsenceType] = useState<string>(ABSENCE_TYPES[0]);
   const [startNote, setStartNote] = useState("");
 
   const [newReturnDate, setNewReturnDate] = useState(employee.karenz_return_date ?? "");
@@ -44,10 +46,16 @@ export function KarenzPanel({ open, onClose, employee }: { open: boolean; onClos
       return;
     }
     setPending(true);
-    const result = await startKarenz({ employee_id: employee.id, karenz_start_date: karenzStart, planned_return_date: plannedReturn, note: startNote });
+    const result = await startKarenz({
+      employee_id: employee.id,
+      karenz_start_date: karenzStart,
+      planned_return_date: plannedReturn,
+      absence_type: absenceType,
+      note: startNote,
+    });
     setPending(false);
     if (result.success) {
-      showToast("Karenz erfasst.");
+      showToast("Langzeitabwesenheit erfasst.");
       router.refresh();
       onClose();
     } else {
@@ -106,17 +114,17 @@ export function KarenzPanel({ open, onClose, employee }: { open: boolean; onClos
     <SlideOver
       open={open}
       onClose={onClose}
-      title={isOnKarenz ? "Karenz verwalten" : "Karenz"}
+      title={isOnKarenz ? "Langzeitabwesenheit verwalten" : "Langzeitabwesenheit erfassen"}
       subtitle={`${employee.first_name} ${employee.last_name} · ${employee.job_title}`}
       footer={
         <>
           <Button variant="ghost" onClick={onClose}>
             Abbrechen
           </Button>
-          {/* Karenz keeps the warning tone it uses everywhere else. */}
+          {/* Long-term absence keeps the warning tone it uses elsewhere. */}
           {!isOnKarenz && (
             <Button onClick={handleStart} pending={pending} className="!bg-warning-text text-white hover:brightness-110">
-              Karenz erfassen
+              Abwesenheit erfassen
             </Button>
           )}
           {isOnKarenz && mode === "adjust" && (
@@ -134,7 +142,14 @@ export function KarenzPanel({ open, onClose, employee }: { open: boolean; onClos
     >
       {!isOnKarenz && (
         <div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
-          <TextField label="Karenzbeginn" required type="date" value={karenzStart} onChange={setKarenzStart} />
+          <SelectField
+            label="Art der Langzeitabwesenheit"
+            required
+            value={absenceType}
+            onChange={setAbsenceType}
+            options={ABSENCE_TYPES.map((t) => ({ value: t, label: t }))}
+          />
+          <TextField label="Beginn" required type="date" value={karenzStart} onChange={setKarenzStart} />
           <TextField label="Geplante Rückkehr" required type="date" value={plannedReturn} onChange={setPlannedReturn} />
           <TextareaField label="Anmerkung" rows={3} value={startNote} onChange={setStartNote} />
         </div>
@@ -153,7 +168,11 @@ export function KarenzPanel({ open, onClose, employee }: { open: boolean; onClos
 
           {mode === "adjust" && (
             <>
-              <p className="text-sm text-ink-muted">Aktuelles Rückkehrdatum: {fmtDate(employee.karenz_return_date)}</p>
+              <p className="rounded bg-surface px-3 py-2 text-sm text-ink-body">
+                <span className="font-semibold">{absenceLabel(employee.status, employee.absence_type)}</span>
+                {" · Rückkehr "}
+                {fmtDate(employee.karenz_return_date)}
+              </p>
               <TextField label="Neues Rückkehrdatum" required type="date" value={newReturnDate} onChange={setNewReturnDate} />
               {diffDays !== 0 && (
                 <div className={`rounded px-3 py-2 text-sm ${diffDays > 0 ? "bg-warning-bg text-warning-text" : "bg-success-bg text-success-text"}`}>